Beginnings, subsistence strategies in Harrapan culture
-There were several cultures in the region prayer to the
mature Harappan
These cultures were associated with distinctive pottery,
evidences of agriculture and pastoralism and some small
settlements
2. Subsistence strategies.
- Mature Harappan culture developed in some of the
areas occupied by the early Harappan cultures
- Subsistence strategies for foods.plants, animals and
fish
- Their dietary practices
- It is studied by botanists ( specialists in ancient plant
remains)
- Harappan sites wheat, Barley, lentil chickpea and
sesame
- Gujarat millets
- rice- koldihwa ( north of vindhyas)
- bones of animals: ships ,goats, buffalo and pig
- These were domesticated- a process in which crops
are grown and animals are looked after
- archaeo-zoologists.
- Wild animals like boar, deer and gharial.
2.1. Agriculture technologies:
- Representations on seals and Terracotta sculpture
indicate that the bull was known and oxen were used
for ploughing.
- Terracotta models of plough have been found at
Cholistan and Banwali.
- Plough field- kalibangan
- Multi Cropping system
- Harappans used stone blades set in wooden handles
for harvesting
- Most Harappan sites are located in semi arid regions
where irrigation was required.
- Traces of canals- shortughai (Afghanistan) ,not in
Punjab and Sindh.
- Wells were used.
- Water reservoirs- Dholavira.
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